Climate change is destroying Zimbabwean communal farmers' agricultural activities - a source of living for most people. As communal farmers struggle to adapt, the media is expected to assume a fundamental theoretical role of educating and informing them about the appropriate adaptation techniques. Located in Umguza District in Matabeleland North Province, the study explored how communal farmers created meaning out of climate change media content and its influence on their agricultural practices from October 2014 to April 2015. In doing so, the study used the Two-Step Flow theory and Hall's Encoding and Decoding Model. Entrenched in pragmatism, the study embedded quantitative techniques at different stages. Multistage sampling combining Simple Random Sampling (SRS), purposive and systematic sampling techniques was used to identify the 263 households for semi structured questionnaires, direct observations and in-depth interviews. The findings were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), thematic analysis and pattern matching. The results show that personal observations; print, broadcast and online media; and opinion leaders were the main sources of climate change information. The radio was the most used medium in communicating climate change adaptation though it was the second most accessed after mobile phones. Conservation Agriculture and planting of drought-resistant crops were some of the adaptation techniques communicated in the media. When interacting with media content, communal farmers create their own meaning influenced by their cultural values, resulting in some adopting, rejecting or modifying certain adaptation techniques. The study concludes that opinion leaders are fundamental in communal farmers' interaction with media but their influence must not be overestimated.

Social protection has emerged as a strategy to minimize climate change impacts by building the resilience of vulnerable communities. It is increasingly being used in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. This study reviews the role of social protection in the scientific literature through bibliometric and thematic analysis. Web of Science database was used to retrieve the articles using selected keywords. Historical growth, citations, keywords, and country analyses were used to perform the bibliometric review. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes pertaining to social protection, disaster risk reduction, and climate change adaptation. Publications have increased over the past decade, and 142 texts from various disciplines were retrieved. The co-occurrence of keywords revealed that resilience, adaptation, and vulnerability are used in the scientific literature. The shortlisted themes investigated the role of social protection and its interventions for supporting livelihoods, assisting in food security, and disaster recovery. Social protection is emphasized as a tool for vulnerability reduction and building resilience. Literature confirms the crosscutting and multidisciplinary implications of social protection in the domains of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction.

Climate change poses an unprecedented threat to ecosystems, human livelihoods, and global sustainability. Addressing this challenge requires innovative approaches that go beyond traditional methods. This chapter also focuses on the role of advanced Computational Intelligence encompassing Machine Learning, deep learning, evolutionary algorithms, and fuzzy systems in facilitating effective climate change adaptation strategies. By integrating large-scale climate data, environmental models, and socioeconomic parameters, ACI enables predictive analytics, risk assessment, and decision-support systems tailored to dynamic climate conditions. Furthermore, this chapter also highlights recent advancements from the past five years, showcasing how computational intelligence is being leveraged across disciplines to build resilience and support sustainable adaptation pathways. Challenges such as data uncertainty, model interpretability, and ethical considerations are discussed, along with future research directions.

To avoid the hazardous impact of climate change in agriculture sector particularly small farm holder, the adaptation to climate change requires time. The degree of adaptive responses has been slow among the famers since they have low adaptive capacities in developing countries like Pakistan owing to their ignorance. Thus, the purpose of study is to determine the awareness degree of the farmers, to examine the factors that impact the adaptive to climate change. Moreover, the type of the study is cross-sectional and 280 farmers data is gathered with the assistance of well-developed questionnaire on the basis of former researches. Multistage method is applied in collecting data in district Vehari. To carry out the data analysis, binary logit model and odd ration model is used in finding out the factors contributing to the adaptive capacity of climate change. In the foundation of the analysis of data presented in this paper, it is stated that climate adaptation to the climate change is talkative with the growth of information resources: technology can make agriculture too efficient and the climate change awareness. The facts presented in the current study are borne out by facts that indicate the need to award credits and finance long term, agricultural technologies that will hasten the ACC and in the short-term information on climate should be disseminated among the agricultural circles.

This study explored how Islamic finance gave a boost to the capacity of the Pakistani government in the field of climate change adaptation capacity by focusing on climate resilient investment. The model, based on the concepts of Maqasid al-Shariah and financial intermediation theory, evaluated the impacts of Islamic green finance and Islamic social finance on climate-resilient investment and their impact on climate adaptation capacity. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyse data. The study resulted in two important findings: Islamic green finance and Islamic social finance significantly improved the climate-resilient investment and climate-resilient investment significantly improved the adaptation capacity. The results of the mediation analysis showed that both investment approaches conveyed the impact of climate-resilient investment to adaptation capacity. The study underscores the need for the integration of commercial and social Islamic finance, effective governance, and investing in resilient infrastructure, agriculture, water systems and vulnerable communities.

This study examines the relationship between governance factors and climate change adaptation outcomes in a community setting. Specifically, it investigates how corruption, accountability, and transparency, alongside socio-demographic characteristics, influence community-level adaptive capacity. Data were collected from 300 respondents using a structured questionnaire, which measured perceptions of climate change adaptation, governance and corruption, governance transparency, and accountability. Descriptive statistics revealed moderate levels of adaptive capacity, while reliability analysis confirmed that all measurement scales were internally consistent, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.730 to 1.000. Correlation analysis indicated that climate change adaptation outcomes are strongly and positively associated with governance variables, highlighting the interconnectedness of accountability, transparency, and corruption perceptions. Multiple linear regression analysis further showed that Governance and Corruption (IndexGG) is the only statistically significant predictor of climate change adaptation outcomes, emphasizing that lower levels of corruption are strongly linked to higher community resilience. Other factors, including accountability and demographic characteristics, did not show significant direct effects, suggesting that governance quality, particularly anti-corruption measures, plays a more decisive role in shaping adaptation outcomes. The findings underscore the importance of strengthening governance mechanisms to enhance climate change adaptation, with practical implications for policy design, resource allocation, and community engagement. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the critical influence of corruption on adaptation success and by providing evidence-based recommendations for improving governance in climate resilience initiatives.

Pakistan is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, which is a worldwide threat with far-reaching effects. To meet the different climate difficulties Pakistan faces, this research comprehensively investigates the role of innovative technologies in climate change adaptation and mitigation in Pakistan. As reliance on the Indus River system increases susceptibility, this study looks at how cutting-edge technologies improve adaptive capabilities. Case studies like the Green Line Bus Rapid Transit System and the Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park demonstrate their effectiveness in reducing the consequences of climate change. Analyzing the effects on the economy and environment highlights how affordable and emissions-free these technologies are. The study evaluates their efficacy critically while considering the consequences for the environment and finances. It also ends with suggestions for possible further study and advancement directions. This study provides important insights for international climate action by highlighting innovative technologies' critical role in protecting Pakistan against climate change.

Rainfed farmers are among the most vulnerable farming communities to climate change in Pakistan because of the heavy reliance of crop farming on rain and of farmers’ livelihoods on crop farming. The best and most timely responses against climate change are suitable adaptation measures. Accurately perceiving the risks associated with climate change is an essential factor for planning and then implementing adaptations. Using farm household-level data of 400 rainfed farmers collected through a well-designed and field-tested questionnaire, this study examines the association between various adaptation stages (climate risk perceptions, adaptation planning, and implementation of adaptation) and their determinants using a multivariate probit (MVP) model. The findings indicate that farmers’ perceptions of climatic changes are in line with historical climatic data. Climate risk management (CRM) trainings and digital agriculture extension and communication (DAEC) services (indicators of formal institutional arrangements) show a highly significant impact on all adaptation stages. Input market distance, farmer cooperative meetings (an indicator of informal institutional arrangement), off-farm income, education, and number of male family members are among the other key determinants. A highly significant association between various adaptation stages indicates that accurate climate risk perceptions lead to planning and implementation of adaptations. When risk perceptions are underestimated or lacking, then adaptations do not occur. The results further indicate that the timely availability of reliable information on advanced agricultural inputs, weather parameters, crop farming advisory services, and market information could help rainfed farmers devise sound adaptations to minimize risks associated with climate change. The study recommends the provision of CRM trainings and DAEC services to provide a better understanding and promote sound adaptation planning through the adaptive capacity enhancement of rainfed farming communities for sustainable production and livelihood security.

The rapid and unpredictable expansion of urban areas poses a major challenge to humanity in adapting to climate change in the coming decades. Therefore, the presence of urban forests promotes climate change adaptation through their geographic location in cities. This systematic literature review (SLR) analyzed the existing research on ecosystem services provided by urban forests for climate change adaptation. The bibliographic databases Web of Science and Scopus were used for the study according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. There were 484 publications found that were published between 2011 and 2021 using specific terms in both search engines. However, there were only 59 articles from 26 different countries that met the inclusion criteria. When analyzing these 59 articles, the majority focused on carbon storage, while less than a quarter examined other services such as climate regulation and air purification. Hence, research should focus on the less studied or potential ecosystem services for climate change adaptation. Because the results provide a comprehensive overview of the role of urban forests in climate change adaptation, they should provide insights for policymakers, urban planners, and researchers seeking to improve urban resilience through the sustainable use of urban forest ecosystem services.

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of climate change adaptation on agricultural productivity in selected villages of District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Adapting to climate change in District Malakand, is vital for helping farmers protect their crops from unpredictable weather, ensuring they can continue to grow enough food. Data were collected from 143 sampled households from Kot, Maina, and Mungai through a semi-structured questionnaire, and to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and binary logit regression were used. The study identified various adaptation strategies used by farmers for climate change and the effects of these adaptations on agriculture productivity. The adaptation strategies include changes in irrigation practices, adjustment of sowing periods, and the use of chemical fertilizers etc. Binary logit regression result indicates that the co-efficient and significance of the sample respondents for age (β=.058, p=.024), education (β=.111, p=.025), family size (β=.234, p=.007), income (β=.000, p=.018), landholding (β=.224, p=.036), farming experience (β=.090, p=.031), and tenancy status (β=1.120, p=.045) had a positive and significant relationship with adapting climate change adaptation strategies for agriculture productivity while the specific strategies for climate change adaptation is (β=-1.385, p=.023) had a negative and significant relationship with adapting climate change effect for agriculture productivity. The study recommended the formulation of a comprehensive national climate action plan, increased investment in rural infrastructure, and targeted policy measures to support the agricultural sector.