Blockchain for AI: Review and Open Research Challenges
Khaled Salaha b✉, Muhammad Habib ur Rehmanc d, Nishara Nizamuddina b, Ala Al‐Fuqahae f
- aDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- bDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
- cDepartment of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- dDepartment of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
- eNEST Research Lab, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
- fNEST Research Lab, Computer Science Department, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
- ✉Corresponding author
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Abstract
Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain have become two of the most trending and disruptive technologies. Blockchain technology has the ability to automate payment in cryptocurrency and to provide access to a shared ledger of data, transactions, and logs in a decentralized, secure, and trusted manner. Also with smart contracts, blockchain has the ability to govern interactions among participants with no intermediary or a trusted third party. AI, on the other hand, offers intelligence and decision-making capabilities for machines similar to humans. In this paper, we present a detailed survey on blockchain applications for AI. We review the literature, tabulate, and summarize the emerging blockchain applications, platforms, and protocols specifically targeting AI area. We also identify and discuss open research challenges of utilizing blockchain technologies for AI.