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Designing PCR and sequencing primers are essential activities for molecular biologists around the world. This chapter assumes acquaintance with the principles and practice of PCR, as outlined in, for example, refs. 1–4.

Protein identification and analysis software performs a central role in the investigation of proteins from two-dimensional (2-D) gels and mass spectrometry. For protein identification, the user matches certain empirically acquired information against a protein database to define a protein as already known or as novel. For protein analysis, information in protein databases can be used to predict certain properties about a protein, which can be useful for its empirical investigation. The two processes are thus complementary. Although there are numerous programs available for those applications, we have developed a set of original tools with a few main goals in mind. Specifically, these are: To utilize the extensive annotation available in the Swiss-Prot database ( 1 ) wherever possible, in particular the position-specific annotation in the Swiss-Prot feature tables to take into account posttranslational modifications and protein processing. To develop tools specifically, but not exclusively, applicable to proteins prepared by twodimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting experiments. To make all tools available on the World-Wide Web (WWW), and freely usable by the scientific community. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Protein identification and analysis software performs a central role in the investigation of proteins from two-dimensional (2-D) gels. For protein identification, the user matches certain empirically gained information against a protein database to define a protein as already known or as novel. For protein analysis, information in protein databases can be used to predict certain properties about a protein, which can be useful for its empirical investigation. The two processes are thus complementary. Although there are numerable programs available for the above-mentioned applications, we have developed a set of original tools with a few main goals in mind. Specifically, these are: To utilize the extensive annotation available in the SWISS-PROT database ( 1 ) wherever possible. To have tools specifically, but not exclusively, applicable to proteins prepared by 2-D gel electrophoresis. To have all tools available on the World Wide Web and freely available to the scientific community. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Although the measurement of drinking is necessary for assessing and evaluating the treatment of alcohol problems, this key dependent variable has not always been reported in outcome studies. 1 – 3 Today, the issue is not whether to measure drinking, but how to measure drinking. Concerns about how best to measure drinking patterns and problems date back to at least 1926, when Pearl stressed the importance of separating steady daily drinkers from occasional heavy drinkers. 4 These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Hands-on researchers describe in step-by-step detail 73 proven laboratory methods and bioinformatics tools essential for analysis of the proteome. These cutting-edge techniques address such important

In August 2006 the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) issued the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2006. The guidelines contain and establish the standard of care for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) nationwide. This chapter summarizes the most important points and the treatment regimens recommended in the guidelines, and follows the organization of the guidelines. All treatment regimens, as well as selected text presented here, are taken verbatim from the guidelines. In addition to treatment, it is essential to understand that counseling patients routinely about prevention of STD acquisition is an important aspect of routine clinical care of adolescents and adults.

Isolation and Maintenance.- Isolation and Differentiation of Medaka Embryonic Stem Cells.- Maintenance of Chicken Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro.- Derivation and Culture of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells In Vitro.- Derivation, Maintenance, and Characterization of Rat Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro.- Derivation, Maintenance, and Induction of the Differentiation In Vitro of Equine Embryonic Stem Cells.- Generation and Characterization of Monkey Embryonic Stem Cells.- Derivation and Propagation of Embryonic Stem Cells in Serum- and Feeder-Free Culture.- Signaling in Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation.- Internal Standards in Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro.- Matrix Assembly, Cell Polarization, and Cell Survival.- Phosphoinositides, Inositol Phosphates, and Phospholipase C in Embryonic Stem Cells.- Cripto Signaling in Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells.- The Use of Embryonic Stem Cells to Study Hedgehog Signaling.- Transfection and Promoter Analysis in Embryonic Stem Cells.- SAGE Analysis to Identify Embryonic Stem Cell-Predominant Transcripts.- Utilization of Digital Differential Display to Identify Novel Targets of Oct3/4.- Gene Silencing Using RNA Interference in Embryonic Stem Cells.- Genetic Manipulation of Embryonic Stem Cells.- Efficient Transfer of HSV-1 Amplicon Vectors Into Embryonic Stem Cells and Their Derivatives.- Lentiviral Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer in Embryonic Stem Cells.- Use of the Cytomegalovirus Promoter for Transient and Stable Transgene Expression in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.- Use of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vectors for Simian Embryonic Stem Cells.- Generation of Green Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Monkey Embryonic Stem Cells.- DNA Damage Response and Mutagenesis in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.- Ultraviolet-Induced Apoptosis in Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro.- Use of Embryonic Stem Cells in Pharmacological and Toxicological Screens.- Use of Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells in Pharmacological Studies.- Embryonic Stem Cells as a Source of Differentiated Neural Cells for Pharmacological Screens.- Use of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells in Embryotoxicity Assays.- Use of Chemical Mutagenesis in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.- Epigenetic Analysis of Embryonic Stem Cells.- Nuclear Reprogramming of Somatic Nucleus Hybridized With Embryonic Stem Cells by Electrofusion.- Methylation in Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro.- Tumor-Like Properties.- Identification of Genes Involved in Tumor-Like Properties of Embryonic Stem Cells.- In Vivo Tumor Formation From Primate Embryonic Stem Cells.- Animal Models and Therapy.- Directed Differentiation and Characterization of Genetically Modified Embryonic Stem Cells for Therapy.- Use of Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells in the Parkinsonian Mouse Model.

This chapter gives an introduction to automated nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure calculation with the program CYANA. Given a sufficiently complete list of assigned chemical shifts and one or several lists of cross-peak positions and columns from two-, three-, or four-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) spectra, the assignment of the NOESY cross-peaks and the three-dimensional structure of the protein in solution can be calculated automatically with CYANA.

A rapid and accurate method for the estimation of protein concentration is essential in many fields of protein study. An assay originally described by Bradford ( 1 ) has become the preferred method for quantifying protein in many laboratories. This technique is simpler, faster, and more sensitive than the Lowry method. Moreover, when compared with the Lowry method, it is subject to less interference by common reagents and nonprotein components of biological samples ( see Note 1 ). These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Lasergene's eight modules provide tools that enable users to accomplish each step of sequence analysis, from trimming and assembly of sequence data, to gene discovery, annotation, gene product analysis, sequence similarity searches, sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, oligonucleotide primer design, cloning strategies, and publication of the results. The Lasergene software suite provides the functions and customization tools needed so that users can perform analyses the software writers never imagined.

1. Substitutional RNA Editing in Plant Organelles Mizuho Ichinos and Mamoru Sugita 2. Computational Detection of Plant RNA Editing Events Alejandro A. Edera and M. Virginia Sanchez-Puerta 3. Discovering RNA Editing Events in Fungi Huiquan Liu and Jin-Rong Xu 4. C-to-U RNA Editing: From Computational Detection to Experimental Validation Taga Lerner, Mitchell Kluesner, Rafail Nikolaos Tasakis, Branden S. Moriarity, F.N. Papavasiliou, and Riccardo Pecori 5. Live Cell Quantification of APOBEC1-mediated RNA Editing: A Comparison of RNA Editing Assays Martina Chieca, Serena Torrini, and Silvestro G. Conticello 6. Adenosine to Inosine RNA Editing Enzyme ADAR and microRNAs Kang Yuting, Dan Ding, and Hisashi Iizasa 7. Quantitative Analysis of Adenosine-to-Inosine RNA Editing Turnee N. Malik, Jean-Philippe Cartailler, and Ronald B. Emeson 8. Discovering A-to-I RNA Editing Through Chemical Methods Masayuki Sakurai, Shunpei Okada, Hiroki Ueda, and Yang Yuxi 9. ALU A-to-I RNA Editing - Millions of Sites and Many Open Questions Amos Schaffer and Erez Y. Levano 10. RNA Editing in Human and Mouse Tissues Harini Srinivasan, Eng Piew Louis Kok, and Meng How Tan 11. Bioinformatics Resources for RNA Editing Maria Angela Diroma, Loredana Ciaccia, Graziano Pesole, and Ernesto Picardi 12. High-throughput Sequencing to Detect DNA-RNA Changes Claudio Lo Giudice, Graziano Pesole, and Ernesto Picardi 13. Detection of A-to-I Hyper-Edited RNA Sequences Roni Cohen-Fultheim and Erez Y. Levanon 14. Proteome Diversification by RNA Editing Eli Eisenberg 15. MicroRNA Editing Detection and Function: A Combined in silico and Experimental Approach for the Identification and Validation of Putative Oncogenic Targets Valentina Tassinari, Valeriana Cesarini, Domenico Alessandro Silvestris, Andrea Scafidi, Lorenzo Cucina, and Angela Gallo 16. RNA Editing in Interferonopathies Loredana Frassinelli, Silvia Galardi, Silvia Anna Ciafre, and Alessandro Michienzi 17. The Role of RNA Editing in the Immune Response Sadeem Ahmad, Xin Mu, and Sun Hur 18. RNA Editing in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders Pedro Henrique Costa Cruz and Yukio Kawahara 19. New Frontiers for Site-directed RNA Editing - Harnessing Endogenous ADARs Tobias Merkle and Thorsten Stafforst

Part I: In Silico Design and Optimization of Guide RNA Sequences 1. Cloud-Based Design of Short Guide RNA (sgRNA) Libraries for CRISPR Experiments Florian Heigwer and Michael Boutros 2. Web-Based CRISPR Toolkits: Cas-OFFinder, Cas-Designer, and Cas-Analyzer Gue-Ho Hwang, Jin-Soo Kim, and Sangsu Bae Part II: Chemically-Modified Guide RNAs 3. Chemical Modification of Guide RNAs for Improved CRISPR Activity in CD34+ Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Jenny Shapiro, Adi Tovin, Ortal Iancu, Daniel Allen, and Ayal Hendel 4. Gene Disruption Using Chemically-Modified CRISPR-Cpf1 RNA Moira A. McMahon and Meghdad Rahdar 5. 'Split-and-Click' sgRNA Lapatrada Taemaitree, Arun Shivalingam, Afaf H. El-Sagheer, and Tom Brown 6. Chimeric DNA-RNA Guide RNA Designs Shuhan Lu, Ying Zhang, and Hao Yin Part III: Expanding the CRISPR Toolbox 7. Harnessing tRNA for Processing Ability and Promoter Activity David J.H.F. Knapp and Tudor A. Fulga 8. Targeting Noncoding RNA Domains to Genomic Loci with CRISPR-Display: Guidelines for Designing, Building, and Testing sgRNA-ncRNA Expression Constructs David M. Shechner 9. Controlling the Activity of CRISPR Transcriptional Regulators with Inducible sgRNAs Quentin R.V. Ferry 10. Gene Manipulation Using Fusion Guide RNAs for Cas9 and Cas12a Ha Rim Shin, Jiyeon Kweon, and Yongsub Kim Part IV: Characterization of CRISPR Efficacy and Specificity 11. Methods for Measuring CRISPR/Cas9 DNA Cleavage in Cells Christopher R. Cromwell, Juan Jovel, and Basil P. Hubbard 12. In Vitro Assays for Comparing the Specificity of First- and Next-Generation CRISPR/Cas9 Systems Christopher R. Cromwell and Basil P. Hubbard 13. Profiling Genome-Wide Specificity of CRISPR-Cas9 Using Digenome-Seq Daesik Kim and Jin-Soo Kim 14. Detection of CRISPR/Cas9-Generated Off-Target Effect by Integration-Defective Lentiviral Vector Xiaoling Wang, Youjun Wu, and Jiing-Kuan Yee 15. Genome-Wide CRISPR Off-Target DNA Break Detection by the BLISS Method Roberto Ballarino, Britta A.M. Bouwman, and Nicola Crosetto

1. Solution Phase Peptide Synthesis: The Case of Biphalin Dagmara Tymecka and Aleksandra Misicka 2. Application of Fmoc-SPPS, Thiol-Maleimide Conjugation and Copper(I)-Catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition Click Reaction in the Synthesis of a Complex Peptide-Based Vaccine Candidate against Group A Streptococcus Chuankai Dai, Rachel J. Stephenson, Mariusz Skwarczynski, and Istvan Toth 3. In Situ Neutralization Protocols for Boc-SPPS Ramkrishna Adhikary and Philip E. Dawson 4. Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride Cleavage in Boc Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis Kirtikumar B. Jadhav, Katrina J. Woolcock, and Markus Muttenthaler 5. Automated Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Dirk F.H. Winkler 6. New Developments in Microwave-Assisted Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis Sandeep K. Singh and Jonathan M. Collins 7. Protecting Groups in Peptide Synthesis Maddeboina Krishnaiah and Martin Conda-Sheridan 8. Synthesis of O-Acyl Isopeptides: Stepwise and Convergent Solid-Phase Synthesis Taku Yoshiya 9. An Isodipeptide Building Block for Microwave-Assisted Solid-Phase Synthesis of Difficult Sequence-Containing Peptides Waleed M. Hussein, Mariusz Skwarczynski, and Istvan Toth 10. SPOT Synthesis: The Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis on Planar Surfaces Dirk F.H. Winkler 11. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Wollamide Cyclohexapeptide Analogs Allan M. Prior and Dianqing Sun 12. Synthesis of Branched Peptides via a Side-Chain Benzyl Ester Junjie Liu, Jian Li, Xiaobo Tian, Feng Tang, and Wei Huang 13. Solid Phase Synthesis of Octapeptin Lipopeptides Karl A. Hansford, Zyta M. Ziora, Matthew A. Cooper, and Mark A.T. Blaskovich 14. Peptidomimetic Synthesis Drug Discovery for Alzheimer's Disease Yoshio Hamada and Zyta M. Ziora 15. Synthesis of Amide Backbone-Modified Peptides Abu-Baker M. Abdel-Aal, Richard Raz, George Papageorgiou, and John Offer 16. Synthesis of NickFects, a New Family of CPPs, by Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Piret Arukuusk and UElo Langel 17. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of HIV-1 Glycopeptide Antigens Guanghui Zong, Chao Li, and Lai-Xi Wang 18. Synthesis of Antimicrobial Lipopeptides Using the CLipPA Thiol-Ene Reaction Yann O. Hermant, Alan J. Cameron, Paul W.R. Harris, and Margaret A. Brimble 19. Decarboxylative Couplings for Late-Stage Peptide Modifications Meng Yao Zhang and Lara R. Malins 20. Peptide and Pseudopeptide Bond Synthesis in Phosphorus Dipeptide Analogs Artur Mucha and Pawel Kafarski 21. Micro-Bioreactor Techniques for the Production and Spectroscopic Characterization of Microbial Peptides Zeinab G. Khalil, Angela A. Salim, and Robert J. Capon 22. Metal Peptide Complexes for Study Neurodegenerative Diseases Mariusz Mital, Jakub P. Sek, and Zyta M. Ziora

Part I: Design and Fabrication of Micro-/Nano-Electroporation 1. Cell Size-specific Transfection by Micropillar Array Electroporation Xuan Liu, Yingbo Zu, and Shengnian Wang 2. Soft Electroporation through 3D Hollow Nanoelectrodes Jun Yin and Yang Li 3. Micromachining of Polymeric Microfluidic Micro-/Nano-Electroporation Device Lei Li 4. 3D Nanochannel Array for High-Throughput Cell Manipulation and Electroporation Lingqian Chang, Stephen Black, Chandani Chitrakar, and Mehdi Nouri 5. Low-Voltage Flow-Through Electroporation Membrane and Method Juliette Experton, Aaron G. Wilson, and Charles R. Martin Section II: Micro-/Nano-electroporation for in vitro Delivery 6. Nanofountain Probe Electroporation for Monoclonal Cell Line Generation Horacio D. Espinosa, Prithvijit Mukherjee, and Cesar Patino 7. 3D Nanochannel Electroporation for Macromolecular Nucleotides Delivery Lingqian Chang, Chandani Chitrakar, and Mehdi Nouri 8. Nanoelectroporation and Collection of Genetically Modified Exosomes in Primary Cultures of Dendritic Cells Silvia Duarte-Sanmiguel, Natalia Higuita-Castro, and Daniel Gallego-Perez 9. Electroporation of CRISPR-Cas9 into Malignant B Cells for Loss-of-function Studies of Target Gene via Knockout Jian Yu 10. Microfluidic Device for Localized Electroporation Justin Brooks and Ruiguo Yang Part III: Advanced in vivo Electroporation 11. Transdermal Delivery of Nucleic Acid Mediated by Punching and Electroporation Dong Huang, Yuanyu Huang, and Zhihong Li 12. Targeted in vivo Electroporation Using Nanoengineered Microelectrodes Daniel Schwarz and Andreas T. Schaefer 13. Zygote Electroporation for CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery to Generate Genetically Modified Mice Tatsuya Takemoto 14. Genome Editing in Staphylococcus aureus by Conditional Recombineering and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Counterselection Kelsi Penewit and Stephen J. Salipante 15. Tissue Nano-Transfection of Surgically Exposed Stroma Natalia Higuita-Castro, Jordan Moore, Ludmila Diaz-Starokozheva, Cameron Rink, Ian Valerio, and Daniel Gallego-Perez Section IV: Microorganism Electroporation 16. Transformation of a Model Microalga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii without Cell-wall Removal Takashi Yamano and Hideya Fukuzawa 17. Electroporation Transformation Protocol for Phaeodactylum tricornutum Hanhua Hu and Yufang Pan 18. Efficient Transformation of the Diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum by Multi-pulse Electroporation Kentaro Ifuku and Dongyi Yan 19. Rapid and Effective Electroporation Protocol for Nannochloropsis oceanica Da-Wei Li, Srinivasan Balamurugan, Jian-Wei Zheng, Wei-Dong Yang, Jie-Sheng Liu, and Hong-Ye Li 20. Electroporation Procedures for Genetic Modification of Green Algae Chlorella spp. Liang Ji and Jianhua Fan 21. Electrotransformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meilhoc E and Teissie J

1. Tuning the Expression of Long Noncoding RNA loci with CRISPR Interference Lovorka Stojic 2. Identification of Chromatin binding sites for Long noncoding RNAs by Chromatin Oligo Affinity Precipitation (ChOP) Marianna Nicoletta Rossi and Rossella Maione 3. Knock-down of Nuclear lncRNAs by Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) Gapmers in Nephron Progenitor Cells Masaki Nishikawa and Norimoto Yanagawa 4. Design and Application of a Short (16-mer) Locked Nucleic Acid splice-Switching Oligonucleotide for Dystrophin Production in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Myotubes Celia Carvalho and Maria Carmo-Fonseca 5. Targeting Polyadenylation for Retention of RNA at Chromatin Evgenia Ntini and Ulf Andersson Vang Orom 6. Simultaneous Detection of RNAs and Proteins with Subcellular Resolution Sunjong Kwon, Koei Chin, and Michel Nederlof 7. In Vivo Crosslinking of Histone and RNA-binding Proteins Yong-Eun Kim, Kyoon Eon Kim, and Kee K. Kim 8. Proteomics-based Systematic Identification of Nuclear Proteins Anchored to Chromatin via RNA Kyoko Hiragami-Hamada, Naoki Tani, and Jun-ichi Nakayama 9. 2D Saturation Transfer Difference NMR for Determination of Protein Binding Sites on RNA Guanine Quadruplexes Ewan K.S. McRae, David E. Davidson, and Sean A. McKenna 10. Mapping Transcriptome-wide and Genome-wide RNA-DNA Contacts with Chromatin-Associated RNA Sequencing (ChAR-seq) Charles Limouse, David Jukam, Owen K. Smith, Kelsey Fryer, and Aaron F. Straight 11. Identification of cis-elements for RNA Subcellular Localization through REL-seq Yafei Yin and Xiaohua Shen 12. Transcriptome-wide Mapping of Protein-RNA Interactions Xianju Bi and Xiaohua Shen 13. Proximity RNA-seq, A Sequencing Method to Identify Co-localization of RNA Joerg Morf and Steven W. Wingett 14. Immunoprecipitation of DNA-RNA Hybrids using the S9.6 Antibody Hunter R. Gibbons and Thomas M. Aune 15. Characterization of R-loop Structures using Single-Molecule R-loop Footprinting and Sequencing Maika Malig and Frederic Chedin 16. Characterization of R-loop Structures using Single-Molecule R-loop Footprinting and Sequencing Maika Malig and Frederic Chedin 17. Analyzing RNA-DNA Triplex Formation in Chromatin Rodrigo Maldonado and Gernot Langst 18. Mapping RNA-chromatin interactions in vivo with RNA-DamID Seth W. Cheetham and Andrea H. Brand

Acknowledgements... Preface... Table of Contents... Contributing Authors... 1. Protocols for Innate Lymphoid Cell Phenotypic and Functional Characterization: An Overview Shoba Amarnath 2. Protocols for Studying Murine ILC Development Matthew T. Stier and R. Stokes Peebles, Jr. 3. Identification of Murine Innate Lymphoid Cell Subsets in Barrier Tissues and their Draining Lymph Nodes using Flow Cytometry Emma E. Dutton and David R. Withers 4. Identification and Functional Characterization of Murine Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cell (ILC3) Subsets in the Intestinal Tract and Associated Lymphoid Tissues Felipe Melo-Gonzalez and Matthew R. Hepworth 5. Identification of Murine and Human Innate Lymphoid Cells in Frozen Tissue Sections using Immunofluorescence Emma E. Dutton and David R. Withers 6. Assessing Phosphorylation of STAT Transcription Factors in Mouse Innate Lymphoid Cells Gianluca Scarno, Giuseppe Pietropaolo, Chiara Di Censo, Giovanna Peruzzi, and Giuseppe Sciume 7. Determining Co-Receptor Expression and Function in Murine ILC2 through Flow Cytometry Characterization and Co-Culture Techniques Christian Schwartz and Padraic G. Fallon 8. Protocol for Determining the Effect of Neuroendocrine Hormones on Murine ILC Function Linda Quatrini and Sophie Ugolini 9. Role of G-Protein Coupled Receptors in Chemotaxis of Innate Lymphoid Cells Brinda Bhatt, Huabin Zhu, Mikhil Patel, and Magendra Singh 10. Group 2 ILC Functional Assays in Allergic Airway Inflammation Lewis J. Entwistle, Franz Puttur, Lisa G. Gregory, and Clare M. Lloyd 11. Isolation, Culture, and Induction of Plasticity in ILC2s Jonathan Silver, Alison A. Humbles, and Yoichiro Ohne 12. Bacterial Infection Allows for Functional Examination of Adoptively Transferred Mouse Innate Lymphoid Cell Subsets Goo-Young Seo, Daniel A. Giles, and Mitchell Kronenberg 13. Isolation, Characterization, and Culture of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes Olivia Jane James, Maud Vandereyken, and Mahima Swamy 14. Isolation and Characterization of Innate Lymphoid Cells within the Murine Tumor Microenvironment Grace Mallett, Warren Patterson, Megan Payne, and Shoba Amarnath 15. Microbiota Analysis using Sequencing by Synthesis: From Library Preparation to Sequencing Andrew Nelson and Christopher J. Stewart 16. Establishing Human Intestinal Enteroid/Organoid Lines from Preterm Infant and Adult Tissue Christopher J. Stewart, Mary K. Estes, and Sasirekha Ramani 17. Characterizing Innate Lymphoid Cell Phenotype and Function in Human Inflammatory Bowel Disease Omer S. Omer, Nick Powell, and Graham M. Lord 18. CRISPR/Cas9-Based Gene Engineering of Human Natural Killer Cells: Protocols for Knock-Out and Read-Outs to Evaluate the Efficacy Melanie Lambert, Caroline Leijonhufvud, Filip Segerberg, J. Joseph Melenhorst, and Mattias Carlsten Subject Index List...