Mediation as a Tool in Qatar’s Foreign Policy: A Case Study of the US-Taliban Peace Negotiations (2018-2020)

This study examines mediation as a key instrument of Qatar’s foreign policy through a qualitative analysis of the United States–Taliban peace negotiations held in Doha between 2018 and 2020. Despite its small size and limited material power, Qatar has emerged as an influential diplomatic actor by institutionalizing mediation as a central component of its foreign policy. Drawing on the theories of soft power, middle-power and niche diplomacy, and role theory, the study explores how Qatar leveraged its diplomatic neutrality, commitment to the peaceful resolution of conflicts, and longstanding relations with both Western powers and non-state actors to facilitate the signing of the Doha Agreement in February 2020. The research adopts a qualitative approach based on documentary analysis of primary sources, including the Doha Agreement and official statements, alongside relevant academic literature and credible media reports. The findings indicate that Qatar’s mediation was facilitated by a strategic and sustained foreign policy approach that enhanced its diplomatic profile and contributed to the conclusion of the agreement. However, the process also revealed significant limitations, particularly regarding the inclusivity of the negotiations and the implementation of the agreement. The study concludes that although mediation can strengthen a small state’s international influence, diplomatic facilitation alone does not guarantee an inclusive or sustainable peace.