Assessment of Knowledge Regarding Kidney Stones Among Patients at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan

Kidney stone disease is a common urological condition influenced by modifiable factors such as inadequate hydration, dietary habits, and lifestyle practices. Adequate patient knowledge is essential for prevention, early recognition, and appropriate management; however, misconceptions regarding kidney stone risk factors and treatment remain common. Objective: To assess knowledge regarding kidney stones among patients attending Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from October to December 2025. A total of 75 adult participants were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising demographic and clinical characteristics and 15 knowledge items covering symptoms, risk factors, dietary factors, preventive measures, and treatment options. Knowledge scores were categorized as poor (0–5), moderate (6–10), and good (11–15). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 and summarized using frequencies and percentages. Results: All 75 participants were female; 48.0% had degree-level education, 52.0% were employed in non-medical professions, and 80.0% resided in urban areas. Previous kidney stone disease was reported by 32.0%, while 26.7% had a family history of kidney stones. Sharp back or flank pain was recognized as a symptom by 93.3% of participants, and 86.7% recognized an association between dietary habits and stone formation. High sodium intake was identified as a risk factor by 93.3%, while 65.3% recognized the contribution of protein intake and 66.7% considered citrus fruits or juices protective. However, only 48.0% identified inadequate fluid intake as a major risk factor, 66.7% incorrectly believed that calcium restriction prevents kidney stones, and 85.3% believed that kidney stones could not be treated without surgery. Overall, 59 (78.7%) participants had moderate knowledge and 16 (21.3%) had poor knowledge; none demonstrated good knowledge. Conclusion: Patients demonstrated moderate but incomplete knowledge regarding kidney stones, with substantial misconceptions concerning hydration, dietary calcium, climatic influences, and non-surgical treatment options. Structured patient education focusing on evidence-based dietary practices, adequate hydration, modifiable risk factors, and available treatment options is warranted to improve kidney stone prevention and self-care.