AN APPLIED STUDY OF THE LITERARY BIOGRAPHY OF NON-MUSLIM BIOGRAPHERS

ABSTRACT: The majority of non-Muslim biographers are those who have maintained a hostile attitude towards the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), this kind of attitude began when he received the prophethood. It was only after receiving the prophethood that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) had to face opposition and persecution. The persecution was so great that even plans were made to kill the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), but Allah, the Almighty, thwarted every plan of his enemies during the Meccan and Medinan periods and protected him in every way. After the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) left this world, the Jews and Christians adopted the same previous attitude to extinguish their fire. The Prophet of Islam was not present, but such thoughts and ideas were expressed regarding his personality that have no truth. The pioneer of these oppositions is John of Damascus, who tried to distort the character of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The titles of his biography that he objected to are the most beloved titles of non-Muslim biographers. After him, the style of Theosophists, Abdul Masih ibn Ishaq al-Kindi, San Pardo Pascal, Dante, Shakespeare, Father Alexander D. etc. was also hostile. Until the time of the Crusades, the attitude of non-Muslims towards the Prophet of Islam was very harsh. When non-Muslims were defeated in the military arena, they emphasized on dealing with Islam in different ways. Now most of the emphasis was given on practical and intellectual grounds. Different areas of Islam should be studied and criticized. This is the reason why these people did not leave any aspect of Islam, for this they gained access to the Arabic language, then they translated Arabic books into their own languages, then they made it very popular in the world, this is also a characteristic of these periods, fabricated events of the past, fictitious stories were denied. There were still those who were biased, but the non-biased group increased after this period, that is, the Crusades. These people changed the color of their writings, but there were also those among them who could not remain biased, racial and religious prejudice was also deeply embedded in them. In this chapter, the style of writing of biographies of non-Muslims and famous non-Muslim historians have been mentioned, who have worked on the biography of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in one way or another.