HIV Infection and HIV-Associated Behaviors Among Persons Who Inject Drugs — 20 Cities, United States, 2015

Overall 27 (25-29) 49 (46-51) 78 (76-80) 67 (65-70) 28 (26-30) 22 (20-24) 72 (70-75) 45 (42-47) Sex Men 27 (25-29) 48 (46-51) 77 (74-79) 65 (63-68) 27 (25-29) 20 (19-22) 73 (71-75) 44 (42-47) Women 28 (24-31) 49 (45-54) 82 (78-86) 73 (68-77) 29 (24-34) 24 (20-29) 77 (72-81) 44 (39-48) Race/Ethnicity § Black, non-Hispanic 17 (14-19) 41 (37-45) 75 (72-79) 62 (58-66) 22 (19-24) 17 (14-19) 68 (65-71) 41 (38-45) Hispanic ¶ 24 (20-27) 45 (41-49) 79 (74-84) 68 (62-73) 33 (28-38) 26 (22-31) 74 (69-79) 43 (38-47) White, non-Hispanic 39 (35-42) 61 (57-64) 82 (79-85) 74 (71-77) 31 (27-34) 25 (22-28) 81 (78-84) 48 (44-52) Age group (yrs) 18-29 41 (36-46) 63 (56-69) 89 (85-93) 80 (75-85) 43 (36-49) 33 (28-39) 85 (80-91) 62 (56-68) 30-39 38 (33-42) 58 (53-62) 90 (87-92) 82 (78-85) 37 (31-42) 30 (25-35) 86 (83-89) 53 (48-58) 40-49 25 (22-28) 47 (42-52) 77 (72-81) 69 (65-73) 27 (23-30) 20 (18-23) 76 (72-80) 41 (37-46) ≥50 17 (14-19) 41 (38-45) 68 (65-72) 56 (53-60) 18 (15-20) 12 (10-14) 61 (57-64) 34 (31-38) Education Less than HS diploma 26 (23-29) 47 (43-51) 78 (75-82) 66 (62-70) 29 (25-32) 22 (19-25) 76 (73-79) 47 (43-52) HS diploma 28 (25-30) 50 (46-54) 80 (77-83) 70 (67-74) 29 (26-33) 23 (20-26) 75 (72-78) 44 (41-47) More than HS diploma 27 (24-31) 50 (45-55) 76 (72-80) 70 (66-74) 27 (23-31) 22 (18-25) 75 (71-79) 44 (40-49) Health insurance No 36 (32-40) 55 (51-59) 80 (77-84) 71 (67-75) 29 (26-33) 24 (20-27) 79 (75-82) 52 (48-56) Yes 26 (24-28) 48 (45-51) 78 (75-80) 67 (64-69) 27 (25-30) 21 (19-23) 71 (68-74) 41 (38-43) Poverty level** At or below FPL 27 (25-29) 48 (45-51) 78 (75-80) 66 (64-69) 27 (25-30) 21 (19-23) 71 (69-74) 43 (41-46) Above FPL 26 (23-29) 51 (46-55) 80 (76-84) 73 (68-77) 31 (27-35) 26 (22-29) 77 (72-81) 47 (43-52) Drug injected most frequently Heroin only 27 (25-29) 49 (46-52) 77 (75-80) 66 (63-68) 25 (23-28) 20 (18-22) 71 (68-73) 39 (37-42) Other/Multiple † † 27 (23-30) 46 (41-50) 80 (77-84) 71 (67-75) 34 (30-37) 26 (23-29) 76 (72-79) 52 (49-56) Region § § Northeast 25 (21-28) 43 (38-48) 82 (78-87) 69 (64-74) 31 (27-36) 23 (19-27) 72 (67-77) 53 (47-59) South 26 (23-30) 50 (46-54) 78 (75-81) 68 (64-71) 25 (22-28) 19 (17-22) 73 (70-76) 42 (38-45) Midwest 24 (20-28) 44 (39-49) 71 (66-77) 60 (55-65) 16 (13-20) 12 (10-15) 68 (62-73) 34 (30-39) West 32 (29-36) 57 (53-61) 75 (71-78) 67 (64-71) 28 (25-32) 25 (22-28) 74 (70-77) 43 (40-47)Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; FPL = federal poverty level; HS = high school.* Aggregate estimates are weighted averages of MSA (metropolitan statistical areas)-level percentages.MSA-level percentages were adjusted for differences in recruitment and, the size of participant persons who inject drugs peer networks, then proportionally weighted by the size of the persons who inject drugs population in each city.† Receptive syringe sharing was defined as "using needles that someone else had already injected with, " and receptive injection equipment sharing was defined as using equipment such as cookers, cottons, or water used to rinse needles or prepare drugs "that someone else had already used." Condomless vaginal or anal sex was defined as "sex without a condom." § Aggregate estimates for "Other" race/ethnicity excluded due to insufficient data."Other" includes American Indian/Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islanders, and persons of multiple races.¶ Persons of Hispanic ethnicity might be of any race or combination of races.** Poverty level is based on household income and household size.† † Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.§ § The Northeast region includes the MSAs of Boston, Massachusetts; Nassau-Suffolk, New York; New York, New York; Newark, New Jersey; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.