Tuning the electronic structure of nickel-cobalt spinels via cerium ion doping on binder-free nickel foam for enhanced electrochemical activity in methanol oxidation-assisted hydrogen production: Synergistic experimental and DFT insights

M. A. Gondal^{a b c}✉, R. S. Alkhaldi^{d e}, M. J. S. Mohamed^{a c}, M. Almessiere^{d f}✉, A. Baykal^g, Farhan Arshad^a, Serkan Çalişkan^h, Bassam Hossam Abuobiedⁱ

1. ^aInterdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management (IRC-HTCM), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), KFUPM Box 5040, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
2. ^bK. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), KFUPM Box 5040, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
3. ^cLaser Research Group, Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), KFUPM Box 5040, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
4. ^dDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
5. ^eScience Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 649, 23913 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
6. ^fDepartment of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
7. ^gIstanbul Aydin University, Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, 34295 Istanbul, 34295, Türkiye
8. ^hDepartment of Physical and Applied Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 77058 TX Houston, USA