Energy-efficient electrochemical hydrogen production from seawater: a review of chemical-assisted splitting technologies

Farhan Arshad^a, Mohammed A. Gondal^{a b c}✉, Mujahid Mustaqeem^a, Aleena Tahir^d, Faiza Zulfiqar^d

1. ^aInterdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies & Carbon Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
2. ^bK. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
3. ^cLaser Research Group, Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
4. ^dDepartment of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science & Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
5. ✉Corresponding author