Case Study on Homogeneous–Heterogeneous Chemical Reactions in a Magneto Hydrodynamics Darcy–Forchheimer Model with Bioconvection in Inclined Channels
Subhan Ullaha, Walid Emamb, Zeeshan Alic d, Dolat Khane f, Dragan Stevan Pamucarg, Zareen Abdulhameed Khanh✉
- aDepartment of Mathematics, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
- bDepartment of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- cDepartment of Information Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Yunlin, Taiwan
- dDepartment of Information Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
- eDepartment of Mathematics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
- fFaculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- gDepartment of Operations Research and Statistics, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
- hDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- ✉Corresponding author
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Abstract
This study focuses on understanding the bioconvection in Jeffery–Hamel (JH) flow, which has valuable applications in areas like converging dies, hydrology, and the automotive industry, which make it a topic of practical importance. This research aims to explore Homogeneous–Heterogeneous (HH) chemical reactions in a magnetic Darcy–Forchheimer model with bioconvection in convergent/divergent channels. To analyze the role of porosity, the Darcy–Forchheimer law is applied. The main system of equations is simplified through similarity transformation into ordinary differential equations solved numerically with the help of the NDSolve technique. The results, compared with previous studies for validation, are presented through graphs and tables. The study reveals that in divergent channels, the velocity decreases with higher solid volume fractions, while in convergent channels, it increases. Furthermore, various physical parameters, such as the Eckert number and porosity parameter, increase skin friction in divergent channels but decrease it in convergent channels. These findings suggest that the parameters investigated in this study can effectively enhance homogeneous reactions, providing valuable insights for practical applications.