Non-Coding RNA-Mediated Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Disorders: Current Insights and Future Directions
Muhammad Abubakara b✉, Mohsin Hajjajc, Zil e Zehra Naqvic, Hameed Shanawazd, Ammara Naeeme, Suraj Sai Nikhil Padakantif, Christopher Bellitierig, Rajasekar Ramarh, Fenil R Gandhig, Ayesha Saleemc, Abul Hasan Shadali Abdul Khaderi, Muhammad Ahmad Farazj
- aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ameer-Ud-Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Muhammadabubakar2053@hotmail.com
- bDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ameer-Ud-Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
- cDepartment of Internal Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
- dDepartment of Internal Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- eDepartment of Cardiology, Heart & Vascular Institute, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
- fDepartment of Internal Medicine, M S Ramaiah Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- gDepartment of Family Medicine, Lower Bucks Hospital, Bristol, PA, USA
- hDepartment of Internal Medicine, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
- iDepartment of Internal Medicine, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- jDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant burden on global health. Developing effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic indicators for CVDs is critical. This narrative review explores the role of select non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and provides an in-depth exploration of the roles of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in different aspects of CVDs, offering insights into their mechanisms and potential clinical implications. The review also sheds light on the diverse functions of ncRNAs, including their modulation of gene expression, epigenetic modifications, and signaling pathways. It comprehensively analyzes the interplay between ncRNAs and cardiovascular health, paving the way for potential novel interventions. Finally, the review provides insights into the methodologies used to investigate ncRNA-mediated gene regulation in CVDs, as well as the implications and challenges associated with translating ncRNA research into clinical applications. Considering the broader implications, this research opens avenues for interdisciplinary collaborations, enhancing our understanding of CVDs across scientific disciplines.