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Abstract
Streptococcus suis causes disease in pigs worldwide and is increasingly implicated in zoonotic disease in East and South-East Asia. To understand the genetic basis of disease in S. suis, we study the genomes of 375 isolates with detailed clinical phenotypes from pigs and humans from the United Kingdom and Vietnam. Here, we show that isolates associated with disease contain substantially fewer genes than non-clinical isolates, but are more likely to encode virulence factors. Human disease isolates are limited to a single-virulent population, originating in the 1920, s when pig production was intensified, but no consistent genomic differences between pig and human isolates are observed. There is little geographical clustering of different S. suis subpopulations, and the bacterium undergoes high rates of recombination, implying that an increase in virulence anywhere in the world could have a global impact over a short timescale.
kThe Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
lThe Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, Cambridge, UK
mOxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
nHospital for Tropical Diseases, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
o1] Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam [2] Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
pDepartment of Global Health-Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1100 DE, The Netherlands
qDepartment of Global Health—Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1100 DE, The Netherlands
rSection of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
sSection of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
tThe Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
uThe Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, AL9 7TA, Hertfordshire, UK
vFaculty of Infectious &Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
wFaculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
x1] Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam [2] Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK [3] Faculty of Infectious &Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
yNuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
