Enzyme mimic nanomaterials as nanozymes with catalytic attributes
Muhammad Bilala b✉, Nida Khaliqc, Mubeen Ashrafc, Nazim Hussaind, Zulqarnain Baqard, Jakub Zdartab, Teofil Jesionowskib, Hafiz M.N. Iqbale f✉
- aInstitute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60695 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: muhammad.bilal@put.poznan.pl
- bInstitute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60695 Poznan, Poland
- cDepartment of Microbiology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- dCentre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
- eTecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico. Electronic address: hafiz.iqbal@tec.mx
- fTecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- ✉Corresponding author
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Abstract
Nanozymes are super-efficient nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics, as the name suggests. In the last decade, efforts have been made to develop "artificial enzymes," which are alternatives to natural enzymes. As nanoscience and nanotechnology advance, nanozymes, which are catalytic nanomaterials having enzyme-like properties, have fascinated researchers' attention. Nanozymes with unique physicochemical properties and nanomaterials that mimic catalytic activity have gained a special interest in the industrial sectors. However, several constraints have hampered their effective deployment in industrial processes, including denaturation, time-consuming manufacturing, overall high cost-ratio, and reutilization challenges. After a brief overview of nanozyme research, an analysis of the similarities and differences between nanozymes and natural and synthetic enzymes is presented. Because of their distinct properties, nanozymes stand out in this comparison. Nanozymes have exhibited a variety of applications leveraging the physiochemical properties of nanomaterials, ranging from in vitro detection to enzyme substitution in biological systems. In addition, nanozymes have introduced a new field called nanozymology, which blends nanotechnology with enzymology.