Vulnerability of municipal solid waste: An emerging threat to aquatic ecosystems
Rouf Ahmad Bhata b✉, Dig Vijay Singhb, Humaira Qadric, Gowhar Hamid Darc, Moonisa Aslam Dervashb, Shakeel Ahmad Bhatd, Bengü Türkyılmaz Ünale, Münir Öztürkf, Khalid Rehman Hakeemg, Balal Yousafh i j✉
- aDivision of Environment Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, India. Electronic address: rufi.bhat@gmail.com
- bDivision of Environment Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, India
- cDepartment of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap College, Cluster University Srinagar, India
- dDivision of Soil and Water Engineering, COAE&T,Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, India
- eDepartment of Biotechnology, Arts and Science Faculty, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
- fBotany Department & Centre for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
- gDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- hCAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- iEnvironmental Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey. Electronic address: balal@ustc.edu.cn
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Abstract
Dumping waste materials into aquatic ecosystems leads to pollution, which directly and indirectly poses a danger to all life forms. Currently, huge quantities of wastes are generated at a global scale with varying constituents, including organic fractions, emerging contaminants and toxic metals. These wastes release concentrated contaminants (leachates), which are lethal for all ecosystems around the globe because they contain varying concentrations of chemical constituents with BOD5 and COD in the order of 2 × 104-2.7 × 104 mg/L, and 3.4 × 104-3.8 × 104 mg/L, respectively. Herein, in-depth knowledge of municipal solid waste dumping into the aquatic ecosystems, changes in physicochemical characteristics, availability of in-/organic contaminants, and long-term unhealthy effects are presented. Moreover, an attempt has been made here to summarize the facts related to identifying the deadly impacts of waste on different ecosystem components. The unresolved challenges of municipal waste management are emphasized, which will help employ suitable waste management techniques and technologies to conserve the everlasting freshwater resources on earth.
TL;DRThe unresolved challenges of municipal waste management are emphasized, which will help employ suitable waste management techniques and technologies to conserve the everlasting freshwater resources on earth. (Semantic Scholar)