Application of Floating Aquatic Plants in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Polluted Water: A Review
Shafaqat Alia b✉, Zohaib Abbasb, Muhammad Rizwanb, Ihsan Elahi Zaheerb, İlkay Yavaşc, Aydın Ünayd, Mohamed M. Abdel‐Daime f, May Nasser Bin-Jumahg, Mirza Hasanuzzamanh, Dimitrios Kalderisi
- aDepartment of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- bDepartment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- cDepartment of Plant and Animal Production, Kocarli Vocational High School, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, 09100 Aydın, Turkey
- dDepartment of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, 09100 Aydın, Turkey
- eDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- fPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- gDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
- hDepartment of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- iDepartment of Electronics Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Chania, 73100 Crete, Greece
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Abstract
Heavy-metal (HM) pollution is considered a leading source of environmental contamination. Heavy-metal pollution in ground water poses a serious threat to human health and the aquatic ecosystem. Conventional treatment technologies to remove the pollutants from wastewater are usually costly, time-consuming, environmentally destructive, and mostly inefficient. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective green emerging technology with long-lasting applicability. The selection of plant species is the most significant aspect for successful phytoremediation. Aquatic plants hold steep efficiency for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and Duck weed (Lemna minor) along with some other aquatic plants are prominent metal accumulator plants for the remediation of heavy-metal polluted water. The phytoremediation potential of the aquatic plant can be further enhanced by the application of innovative approaches in phytoremediation. A summarizing review regarding the use of aquatic plants in phytoremediation is gathered in order to present the broad applicability of phytoremediation.