SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-COV: A comparative overview
Ali Ahmed Rabaana b, Shamsah H. Al-Ahmedc, Shafiul Haqued e, Ranjit Sahf, Ruchi Tiwarig, Yashpal Singh Malikh i, Kuldeep Dhamaj k, Mohd. Iqbal Yatool m, D. Katterine Bonilla‐Aldanan o p, Alfonso Javier Rodriguez-Moralesp q r
- aMolecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- bMolecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare , Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- cPaediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
- dResearch and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- eResearch and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia
- fDepartment of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
- gDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
- hDivision of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- iDivision of Biological Standardization ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh. India
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Abstract
The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 that started in Wuhan, China, has now spread to several other countries and is in its exponential phase of spread. Although less pathogenic than SARS-CoV, it has taken several lives and taken down the economies of many countries. Before this outbreak, the most recent coronavirus outbreaks were the SARS-CoV and the MERS-CoV outbreaks that happened in China and Saudi Arabia, respectively. Since the SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same family as of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, they share several similarities. So, this review aims at understanding the new scenario of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and compares the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and the genetics of these coronaviruses. Studies reveal that SARS-CoV-2 is very similar in structure and pathogenicity with SARS-CoV, but the most important structural protein, i.e., the spike protein (S), is slightly different in these viruses. The presence of a furin-like cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 facilitates the S protein priming and might increase the efficiency of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 as compared to other beta coronaviruses. So, furin inhibitors can be targeted as potential drug therapies for SARS-CoV.
TL;DRThis present study critically reviewed available and latest research progress of the genetics and ecology of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the influence of climatic factors on the spread of CO VID-19, and discussed how these concepts could be harnessed for COVID-19 control and further scientific advancements in resolving the pandemic. (Semantic Scholar)