Graphene and graphene oxide: Functionalization and nano-bio-catalytic system for enzyme immobilization and biotechnological perspective
Muhammad Adeela, Muhammad Bilalb c✉, Tahir Rasheeda, Ashutosh Kumar Sharmad, Hafiz M.N. Iqbale f✉
- aSchool of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- bSchool of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China. Electronic address: bilaluaf@hotmail.com
- cSchool of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
- dTecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, School of Engineering and Sciences, Epigmenio Gonzalez 500, CP 76130 Queretaro, Mexico
- eTecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. CP 64849, Mexico. Electronic address: hafiz.iqbal@itesm.mx
- fTecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. CP 64849, Mexico
- ✉Corresponding author
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Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials have gained high research interest in different fields related to proteins and thus are rapidly becoming the most widely investigated carbon-based materials. Their exceptional physiochemical properties such as electrical, optical, thermal and mechanical strength enable graphene to render graphene-based nanostructured materials suitable for applications in different fields such as electroanalytical chemistry, electrochemical sensors and immobilization of biomolecules and enzymes. The structural feature of oxygenated graphene, i.e., graphene oxide (GO) covered with different functionalities such as epoxy, hydroxyl, and carboxylic group, open a new direction of chemical modification of GO with desired properties. This review describes the recent progress related to the structural geometry, physiochemical characteristics, and functionalization of GO, and the development of graphene-based novel carriers as host for enzyme immobilization. Graphene derivatives-based applications are progressively increasing, in recent years. Therefore, from the bio-catalysis and biotransformation viewpoint, the biotechnological perspective of graphene-immobilized nano-bio-catalysts is of supreme interest. The structural geometry, unique properties, and functionalization of graphene derivatives and graphene-based nanomaterials as host for enzyme immobilization are highlighted in this review. Also, the role of GO-based catalytic systems such as microfluidic bio-catalysis, enzyme-based biofuel cells, and biosensors are also discussed with potential future perspectives of these multifaceted materials.
TL;DRThe structural geometry, unique properties, and functionalization of graphene derivatives and graphene-based nanomaterials as host for enzyme immobilization are highlighted in this review and the role of GO-based catalytic systems such as microfluidic bio-catalysis, enzyme-based biofuel cells, and biosensors are discussed. (Semantic Scholar)