MicroRNAs: New Insight in Modulating Follicular Atresia: A Review
Tesfaye Workua b, Zia Ur Rehmana, Hira Sajjad Talpura, Dinesh Bhattaraia, Farman Ullaha, Ngabu Malobic, Tesfaye Kebeded, Liguo Yanga✉
- aKey Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- bSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia
- cState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Education Ministry of China, College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- dDepartments of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
- ✉Corresponding author
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Abstract
Our understanding of the post-transcriptional mechanisms involved in follicular atresia is limited; however, an important development has been made in understanding the biological regulatory networks responsible for mediating follicular atresia. MicroRNAs have come to be seen as a key regulatory actor in determining cell fate in a wide range of tissues in normal and pathological processes. Profiling studies of miRNAs during follicular atresia and development have identified several putative miRNAs enriched in apoptosis signaling pathways. Subsequent in vitro and/or in vivo studies of granulosa cells have elucidated the functional role of some miRNAs along with their molecular pathways. In particular, the regulatory roles of some miRNAs have been consistently observed during studies of follicular cellular apoptosis. Continued work should gradually lead to better understanding of the role of miRNAs in this field. Ultimately, we expect this understanding will have substantial benefits for fertility management at both the in vivo or/and in vitro levels. The stable nature of miRNA holds remarkable promise in clinical use as a diagnostic tool and in reproductive medicine to solve the ever-increasing fertility problem. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the involvement of miRNAs in follicular atresia, discuss the challenges for further work and pinpoint areas for future research.