Interviewer Effects on Nonresponse in the European Social Survey
Annelies G. Bloma b c✉, Edith D. de Leeuwd, Joop J. Hoxd e
- aUniversity of Essex - Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER), Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
- bUniversity of Mannheim, School of Social Sciences, Mannheim, 68131, Germany
- cUniversity of Mannheim*
- dUtrecht University
- eUtrecht University - Faculty of Social Sciences, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands
- ✉Corresponding author
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Abstract
In face-to-face surveys interviewers play a crucial role in making contact with and gaining cooperation from sample units. While some analyses investigate the influence of interviewers on nonresponse, they are typically restricted to single-country studies. However, interviewer training, contacting and cooperation strategies as well as survey climates may differ across countries. Combining call-record data from the European Social Survey (ESS) with data from a detailed interviewer questionnaire on attitudes and doorstep behavior we find systematic country differences in nonresponse processes, which can in part be explained by differences in interviewer characteristics, such as contacting strategies and avowed doorstep behavior.