Elements of Open Education: An Invitation to Future Research
Olaf Zawacki‐Richtera, Dianne Conradb, Aras Bozkurtc, Cengiz Hakan Aydınc, Svenja Bedenlierd, Insung Junge, Joachim Stötera, George Veletsianosf, Lisa Marie Blaschkea, Melissa Bonda, Andrea Broensa, Elisa Bruhng, Carina Dolcha, Marco Kalzh, Yaşar Kondakçıi, Victoria I. Marína, Kerstin Mayrbergerj, Wolfgang Müskensa, Som Naiduk, Adnan Qayyuml, Jennifer Joyce Robertsm, Albert Sangràn, Frank Senyo Logloa, Patricia J. Slagter van Tryono, Junhong Xiaop
- aCarl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
- bAthabasca University
- cAnadolou University
- dFernUniversity in Hagen
- eInternational Christian University, Tokyo
- fRoyal Roads University
- gDeutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)
- hHeidelberg University of Education
- iMiddle East Technical University
- jUniversity of Hamburg
- kThe University of the South Pacific
- lPennsylvania State University
- mUniversity of South Africa
- nUniversitat Oberta de Catalunya
- oEast Carolina University
- pShantou Radio & Television University
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Abstract
This paper explores elements of open education within the context of higher education. After an introduction to the origins of open education and its theoretical foundations, the topics of open and distance learning, international education issues in open education, open educational practices and scholarship, open educational resources, MOOCs, prior learning accreditation and recognition, and learner characteristics are considered, following the framework of macro, meso, and micro levels of research in open and distance learning. Implications for future research at the macro, meso, and micro levels are then provided.