Genetic Diversity and Chemicals Profile of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in Indonesia

Zingiber officinale is a medicinal plant used to treat various ailments by many ethnic groups in Indonesia. Information on genetic variation and chemical profiling of this plant, especially in the traditional herbal formula in Indonesia, is still limited. The objective of this study was to determine genetic variation and chemical profiling of Zingiber officinale accessions to compile database information. Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of Z. officinale, and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) was used to analyze chemical profiling. Dice index similarity was used to calculate a similarity index between accessions, and Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) was used to construct a dendrogram. The ISSR method for genetic profiling proved that Z. officinale from 14 selected ethnic groups were divided into three clusters. The similarity index among Z. officinale accessions ranged from 0.567 to 0.971, indicating high genetic diversity. The high degree of genetic variety detected by ISSR markers demonstrated the marker's efficiency in detecting variation in this Z. offcinale germplasm collection. The FTIR technique's phytochemical profile of Z. officinale analysis shows slight differences in spectra and can be grouped into three clusters. There was no correlation of clustering of Z. officinale accessions between geographical origins based on genetic and chemical profiles. Our findings may be valuable information for breeding, conservation, and utilization of Z. officinale.