Protection of Apricot Biodiesel from Thermal Degradation by using Natural Antioxidants of Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.
Faizan Ullaha b c, Arshad Hussain Wazira b c, Adnan Khattaka b c, Shahan Zeb Khana b c d, Ishtiaq Hussaina b c
- aDepartment of Botany University of Science and Technology Bannu Khyber Pukhtunkhwa Pakistan
- bDepartment of Agriculture Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan
- cDepartment of Chemistry University of Science and Technology Bannu Khyber Pukhtunkhwa Pakistan
- dDepartment of Agriculture Gilgit - Baltistan Pakistan
Papers open inside SciRah from the original publisher or repository; SciRah never hosts them.
Abstract
The present study aims to improve the oxidation stability of wild apricot kernel oil biodiesel (WAKOB) by using natural antioxidants of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn).Biodiesel was synthesized at different catalyst (NaOH) concentrations, reaction temperatures, reaction time intervals and methanol-to-oil molar ratios.Thermal oxidative stability measurements were carried out according to EN14112 using a Rancimet instrument.Our results showed a high yield of biodiesel (97±1.092)at 65 o C in the presence of 1% NaOH (%w/w oil) and methanol/oil molar ratio of 9:1 and for the time duration of 60 min.Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) confirmed the conversion percentage of kernel oil into biodiesel, which was further evidenced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and refractometer analyses.Methanolic fraction of Tartary buckwheat leaves (MTBWLF) was standardized to contain the highest amount of phenolics (209 mg gallic acid/100 g).In this study, the mixture of synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) (0.25%) and methanolic extract of Tartary buckwheat leaves (0.5%) ensured high oxidation stability of biodiesel samples, leading to stabilizing factor of 4.86.