Exosomes as mediators of immune regulation and immunotherapy in cancer
Fernanda Grande Kugeratskia b, Raghu Kalluria b c d e f✉
- aDepartment of Cancer Biology Metastasis Research Center University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
- bDepartment of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- cDepartment of Bioengineering Rice University Houston TX USA
- dDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
- eDepartment of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- fDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- ✉Corresponding author
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Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin that enclose a multitude of functional biomolecules. Exosomes have emerged as key players of intercellular communication in physiological and pathological conditions. In cancer, depending on the context, exosomes can oppose or potentiate the development of an aggressive tumor microenvironment, thereby impacting tumor progression and clinical outcome. Increasing evidence has established exosomes as important mediators of immune regulation in cancer, as they deliver a plethora of signals that can either support or restrain immunosuppression of lymphoid and myeloid cell populations in tumors. Here, we review the current knowledge related to exosome-mediated regulation of lymphoid (T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and NK cells) and myeloid (macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and neutrophils) cell populations in cancer. We also discuss the translational potential of engineered exosomes as immunomodulatory agents for cancer therapy.
TL;DRThe current knowledge related to exosome‐mediated regulation of lymphoid and myeloid cell populations in cancer is reviewed and the translational potential of engineered exosomes as immunomodulatory agents for cancer therapy is discussed. (Semantic Scholar)