Structure of a bacterial glycoside hydrolase family 63 enzyme in complex with its glycosynthase product, and insights into the substrate specificity
Takatsugu Miyazakia b, Megumi Ichikawaa b, Gaku Yokoia b, Motomitsu Kitaokac d, Haruhide Morie f, Yoshikazu Kitanoa b, Atsushi Nishikawaa b, Takashi Tonozukaa b✉
- aDepartment of Applied Biological Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu Tokyo Japan
- bDepartment of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- cNational Food Research Institute National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
- dNational Food Research institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- eResearch Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Kita‐ku Sapporo Japan
- fResearch Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
- ✉Corresponding author
Papers open inside SciRah from the original publisher or repository; SciRah never hosts them.
Abstract
Proteins belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 63 (GH63) are found in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. Although the eukaryotic GH63 proteins have been identified as processing α-glucosidase I, the substrate specificities of the bacterial and archaeal GH63 proteins are not clear. Here, we converted a bacterial GH63 enzyme, Escherichia coli YgjK, to a glycosynthase to probe its substrate specificity. Two mutants of YgjK (E727A and D324N) were constructed, and both mutants showed glycosynthase activity. The reactions of E727A with β-D-glucosyl fluoride and monosaccharides showed that the largest amount of glycosynthase product accumulated when galactose was employed as an acceptor molecule. The crystal structure of E727A complexed with the reaction product indicated that the disaccharide bound at the active site was 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-galactopyranose (Glc12Gal). A comparison of the structures of E727A-Glc12Gal and D324N-melibiose showed that there were two main types of conformation: the open and closed forms. The structure of YgjK adopted the closed form when subsite -1 was occupied by glucose. These results suggest that sugars containing the Glc12Gal structure are the most likely candidates for natural substrates of YgjK.