Effects on GLP-1, PYY, and leptin by direct stimulation of terminal ileum and cecum in humans: implications for ileal transposition
Hēnry Buchwalda b✉, Robert B. Dormanb c, Nikolaus F. Rasmusb c, Van N. Michalekb c, Nichol M. Landvikb c, Sayeed Ikramuddinb c
- aDepartment of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. Electronic address: buchw001@umn.edu
- bDept of Surgery, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- cDepartment of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- ✉Corresponding author
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Abstract
Background We do not have a unified, scientifically tested theory of causation for obesity and its co-morbidities, nor do we have explanations for the mechanics of the metabolic/bariatric surgery procedures. Integral to proffered hypotheses are the actions of the hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and leptin. The objective of this study was to obtain blood levels of GLP-1, PYY, and leptin after stimulation of the terminal ileum and cecum by a static infusion of a food hydrolysate in morbidly obese patients undergoing a duodenal switch procedure. Setting University Hospital. Methods Plasma levels of GLP-1, PYY, and leptin were obtained at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after instillation of 240 mL of a food hydrolysate into the ileum or cecum. Results The mean ± SD GLP-1 values by cecal stimulation for 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes were: 41.3 ± 23.2; 39.6 ± 21.8; 38.9 ± 19.1; 47.4 ± 22.3; 51.7 ± 27.3 pM, and by ileal stimulation: 55.0 ± 32.8; 83.4 ± 16.1; 78.7 ± 23.8; 84.7 ± 23.5; 76.4 ± 25.6. The mean ± SD PYY values by cecal stimulation were: 62.1 ± 24.8; 91.1 ± 32.8; 102.1 ± 39.6; 119.6 ± 37.5; 130.3 ± 36.7, and by ileal stimulation: 73.8 ± 41.6; 138.1 ± 17.7; 149.5 ± 23.3; 165.7 ± 24.3; 155.5 ± 29.1. Percent change in PYY levels increased ~150%, GLP-1 increased ~50%, and leptin decreased ~20%. Conclusion Direct stimulation of the human terminal ileum and cecum by a food hydrolysate elicits significant plasma GLP-1 and PYY elevations and leptin decreases, peaking at 90–120 minutes. The ileal GLP-1 and PYY responses exceed those of the cecum, and the PYY effect is about 3-fold that of GLP-1. The results of this study question the satiety premise for ileal transposition.
TL;DRDirect stimulation of the human terminal ileum and cecum by a food hydrolysate elicits significant plasma GLP-1 and PYY elevations and leptin decreases, peaking at 90–120 minutes, and the results of this study question the satiety premise for ileal transposition. (Semantic Scholar)