Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR: A biomarker and therapeutic target in urological tumors
Abida Abidaa, Lina Eltaibb, Bshayer Hamdan Alhazmic, Abdullah Rzgallah Alzahranid, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaqe, Abuzer Alif, Futoon Jamal Aldhafirig, Wafaa T. Alruwailig, Marwan Al‐Hajeilih, Altaf A. Abdulkhaliqi, Ali Ahmed Rabaanj k l, Mohd Imrana m n✉
- aDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
- bDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
- cDepartment of Pharmacy, Northern Area Armed Forces Hospital, Hafer Al-batin 39745, Saudi Arabia
- dDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- eDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
- fDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- gCollege of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
- hDepartment of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23624, Saudi Arabia
- iDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) significantly influence gene regulation across epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels through their interactions with DNA, RNA, and proteins. There is growing evidence of lncRNAs' critical roles in the emergence and progression of various diseases, including urological tumors (UTs), such as cancers of the kidney, bladder, and prostate. Research increasingly links lncRNA dysregulation to diverse cellular processes like invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and chromatin remodeling. Among these, HOTAIR stands out for its pivotal role in oncogenesis, impacting treatment resistance, cell migration, proliferation, survival, and genomic integrity. This review provides an overview of HOTAIR's functions, its identification, and its biological significance. Furthermore, it delves into HOTAIR's involvement in UTs, underlining its potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker for innovative approaches to treating these cancers.