Force measurement-based discontinuity detection during friction stir welding

Amber Shrivastava^a, Michael Zinn^a, Neil A. Duffie^a, Nicola Ferrier^b, Christopher B. Smith^c, Frank E. Pfefferkorn^a✉

1. ^aThe University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
2. ^bArgonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
3. ^cWolf Robotics LLC, Fort Collins, CO, USA
4. ✉Corresponding author