New approaches of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-immune cell-based therapy in gastric cancer; highlight CAR-T and CAR-NK
Saade Abdalkareem Jasima✉, Harikumar Pallathadkab, G. V. Sivaprasadc, Ashwani Kumard, Yasser Fakri Mustafae, Jaafaru Sani Mohammedf, Mamdouh Basheir Eldesoquig h✉, Atreyi Pramaniki, Rakhimova Khusnidakhon Abdukarimovnaj k, Ahmed Hussein Zwamell m n
- aMedical Laboratory Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Technology, University of Al-maarif, Anbar, Iraq. saade.a.j@uoa.edu.iq
- bManipur International University, Imphal, Manipur, India
- cDepartment of Basic Science & Humanities, Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, India
- dDepartment of Life Scienzces, School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-Be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560069, India
- eDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul-41001, Iraq
- fMedical Analysis Department, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
- gDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, 13713, DiriyahRiyadh, Saudi Arabia. mamrah@um.edu.sa
- hDepartment of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt. mamrah@um.edu.sa
- iSchool of Applied and Life Sciences, Divison of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University Dehradun, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Abstract
One characteristic that makes gastric cancer (GC) against other cancers is the intricate immune system's reaction, particularly to tenacious inflammation. Consequently, the immunological function is essential to the growth of this malignancy. Tumor immunotherapy has yielded several encouraging outcomes, but despite this, different patients continue to not respond to treatment, and a far larger number become resistant to it. Also, activated CAR-T cells express a majority of immunological checkpoint factors, containing PD1, CTLA4, and LAG3, which counteracts the anti-tumor actions of CAR-T cells. Moreover, cytokine release syndrome is one of the possible adverse responses of CAR-T cell therapy. Therefore, producing universal allogeneic T lymphocytes with potent anti-tumor activity is essential. This study demonstrates current research on this cutting-edge technology, including the composition and mode of action of CAR-NK and CAR-T cells in GC. Also, in this study, we examined recent studies about various specific GC biomarkers that target CAR-T cells and CAR-NK cells.
TL;DRCurrent research on this cutting-edge technology, including the composition and mode of action of CAR-NK and CAR-T cells in GC are demonstrated, including the composition and mode of action of CAR-NK and CAR-T cells in GC. (Semantic Scholar)