Lab‐in‐a‐Vial Rapid Test for Internet of Things‐Embedded Point‐of‐Healthcare Protein Biomarker Detection in Bodily Fluids
Nan‐Si Lia b, Ying‐Pei Hsuc d, Hao‐Han Panga b, Sheng‐Fan Wange f g h, See‐Tong Pangi j k l, C. C. Linf h, Rung‐Ywan Tsaim n, Chiung‐Yin Huango p q r, Kuo‐Chen Weii k o p q r, Hung‐Wei Yanga b s t✉
- aDepartment of Biomedical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Taiwan
- bDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
- cDepartment of Materials and Optoelectronic Science National Sun Yat‐sen University Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan
- dDepartment of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424 Taiwan
- eCenter for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Research Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
- fDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
- gCenter for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
- hDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
- iDepartment of Medicine College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan 33302 Taiwan
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Abstract
Amateurs often struggle with detecting and quantifying protein biomarkers in body fluids due to the high expertise required. This study introduces a Lab-in-a-Vial (LV) rapid diagnostic platform, featuring hydrangea-like platinum nanozymes (PtNH), for rapid, accurate detection and quantification of protein biomarkers on-site within 15 min. This method significantly enhances detection sensitivity for various biomarkers in body fluids, surpassing traditional methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and lateral flow assays (LFA) by ≈250 to 1300 times. The LV platform uses a glass vial coated with specific bioreceptors such as antigens or antibodies, enabling rapid in vitro evaluation of disease risk from small fluid samples, similar to a personal ELISA-like point-of-care test (POCT). It overcomes challenges in on-site biomarker detection, allowing both detection and quantification through a portable wireless spectrometer for healthcare internet of things (H-IoT). The platform's effectiveness and adaptability are confirmed using IgG/IgM antibodies from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and nuclear matrix protein (NMP22) from urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients as biomarkers. These tests demonstrated its accuracy and flexibility. This approach offers vast potential for diverse disease applications, provided that the relevant protein biomarkers in bodily fluids are identified.