Methods to improve biomass quality for thermal conversion

The utilisation of biomass for thermal conversion present limitations in terms of the content of ash and inorganic minerals producing different problems in the combustion systems. Implementing some methods at the growing, harvesting and pre-processing phases upstream in the production chain, increases the fuel value of biomass that will be used for the energy and heat generation. The methods/technologies include: selection of the plant type (species and variety) and plant fraction (leaf, stem, node, panicle), influences growing conditions (soil characteristics, use of fertilizers), harvest (time and method), handling and storage, pre-processing and conversion systems. This document presents a review of these methods, based on literature review, interviews with experts and case studies. Also in cases where is applicable some of the technologies are analysed considering their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats